Socrates (469-399 BCE): Socrates is one of the most influential philosophers in history, known for his Socratic method of questioning. He did not write any philosophical texts himself, but his ideas and teachings were recorded by his student, Plato. Socrates believed in seeking knowledge through dialogue and critical thinking. He was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens, which ultimately led to his trial and execution by drinking poison hemlock.
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