Spartakus (bahasaYunani: Σπάρτακος, Spártakos; bahasa Latin: Spartacus[1]) (sekitar tahun 109-71 SM) adalah seorang pemimpin budak terkemuka dalam Perang Budak Ketiga, sebuah pemberontakan budak besar melawan Republik Romawi. Sedikit yang diketahui tentang Spartakus di luar peristiwa perang, dan catatan sejarah hidupnya kadang-kadang kontradiktif dan mungkin tidak selalu dapat dipercaya. Ia adalah seorang pemimpin militer yang terampil.[2]
Perjuangan Spartakus sering dilihat sebagai perjuangan orang-orang tertindas yang berjuang untuk kebebasan mereka terhadap aristokrasi pemilik budak, telah menemukan arti baru bagi para penulis modern sejak abad ke-19. Pemberontakan Spartakus telah terbukti menginspirasi banyak penulis sastra dan politik modern, menjadikannya sebagai pahlawan rakyat, baik di antara budaya kuno maupun modern.
- M. Tullius Cicero,
- ^ http://www.marxist.com/spartacus-representative-of-proletariat.htm
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars 1.116
- ^ Florus, Epitome of Roman History 2.8
- ^ The Histories, Sallust, Patrick McGushin, Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-872143-9, p. 112.
- ^ Annuaire de l'Université de Sofia, Faculté d'histoire, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1985, p. 122.
- ^ The Spartacus war, Barry S. Strauss, Simon and Schuster, 2009, ISBN 1-4165-3205-6, p.31.
- ^ The Cambridge Ancient History: part 1. The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C, Cambridge University Press, 1982, hal. 601.
- ^ The Assyrian and Babylonian empires and other states of the Near East, from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., Volume 3, John Boardman, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, hal. 601.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Plutarch, Crassus, 8:2. Note: Spartacus's status as an auxilia is taken from the Loeb edition of Appian translated by Horace White, which states “…who had once served as a soldier with the Romans…”. However, the translation by John Carter in the Penguin Classics version reads: “…who had once fought against the Romans and after being taken prisoner and sold…”.
- ^ However, according to Cicero (Ad Atticum VI, ii, 8) at the beginning his followers were much less than 50.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 8:1–2; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Livy, Periochae, 95:2 Diarsipkan 2011-06-29 di Wayback Machine.; Florus, Epitome, 2.8. Plutarch claims 78 escaped, Livy claims 74, Appian “about seventy”, and Florus says “thirty or rather more men”. “Choppers and spits” is from Life of Crassus.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:1.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
- '^ Plutarchwe46', Crassus, 9:1–3; Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, p. 109.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:4–5; Livy, Periochae , 95 Diarsipkan 2011-06-29 di Wayback Machine.; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116; Sallust, Histories, 3:64–67.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:3; Appian, Civil War, 1:116.
- ^ Frontinus, Stratagems, Book I, 5:20–22 and Book VII:6.
- ^ Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:116–117; Plutarch, Crassus 9:6; Sallust, Histories, 3:64–67.
- ^ Appian, Civil
- Wars, 1:117; Plutarch, Crassus 9:7; Livy, Periochae 96 Diarsipkan 2017-07-19 di Wayback Machine..
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:7.
- ^ Spartacus and the Slave Rebellion
- ^ Shaw, Brent D. (2001). Spartacus and the slave wars: a brief history with documents. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0312237030.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus 10:1.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:118; Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, "Exercitus", hal. 494 Diarsipkan 2005-12-19 di Wayback Machine..
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:118.
- ^ a b Plutarch, Crassus, 10:1–3.
- ^ Florus, Epitome, 2.8; Cicero, Orations, "For Quintius, Sextus Roscius...", 5.2
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 10:4–5.
- ^ Contrast Plutarch, Crassus, 11:2 with Appian, Civil Wars, 1:119.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Plutarch, Crassus, 10:6.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 11:3; Livy, Periochae, 97:1 Diarsipkan 2017-07-19 di Wayback Machine.. Bradley, Slavery and Rebellion. hal. 97; Plutarch, Crassus, 11:4.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 11:5;.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Plutarch, Crassus, 11:6–7; Livy, Periochae, 97.1 Diarsipkan 2017-07-19 di Wayback Machine..
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1.120.
- ^ a b Plutarch Crassus, 9:5–6.
- ^ Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117; Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
- ^ Plutarch, Crassus, 9:7; Appian, Civil Wars, 1:117.
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